![]() ![]() Perspective is our visual perception of three-dimensional space. Too many plant varieties, accent plants, lawn accessories with contrasting forms, textures, or colors violate the principle of unity by distracting the viewer from a coherent visual theme that unites the landscape’s individual elements. A landscape with too many ideas in a small space lacks unity. A unified landscape provides a pleasant view from every angle. Ground covers and turfgrass act as unifying elements in a landscape. The repetitions of geometric shapes, along with strong, observable lines ( Figure 19–5), contribute to unity. Unity is achieved when different parts of the design are grouped or arranged to appear as a single unit. Balance can also be achieved by using color or texture. Asymmetrical balance occurs in landscaping when a large existing tree or shrub needs to be balanced out by a grouping or cluster of smaller plants ( Figure 19–4). For example, if a large box is placed on one side of a scale, it can be counterbalanced by several smaller boxes placed on the other side. Asymmetrical balance describes an equilibrium achieved by using different objects. ![]() Symmetry is commonly seen in formal gardens ( Figure 19–3). Symmetrical balance describes a formal balance with everything on one axis, duplicated or mirrored on both sides. There are two types of balance: symmetrical and asymmetrical. If plants remain small at maturity, they may look inappropriate as a background border.īalance refers to creating equal visual weight on either side of a focal point, creating a pleasing integration of elements. If the full-grown size is too large, a plant can overwhelm the design. Carefully consider both the mature height and spread before including a plant in the landscape ( Figure 19–2). Scale is the proportion between two sets of dimensions-for example, the height and width of a tree compared to a house, or the size of a plant container compared to an entryway. These basic concepts underlie a design’s composition: scale, balance, unity, perspective, rhythm, and accent. To learn more about landscape design, refer to the additional resources at the end of this chapter. Appendix F gives a brief history of landscape design. The steps provide an organized approach to developing a landscape plan, including an in-depth look at specific design considerations to improve the landscape environment. These principles can be applied by using six steps to create an attractive, functional landscape. ![]() In this chapter, we review the principals of design, including understanding the use of space in the landscape. Good landscape design creates a satisfying environment for the user while saving time, effort, and money and benefiting the environment. The result can be unattractive and may not serve the family's needs. We can see the effects: overcrowded and overgrown plantings, lawns with scattered shade trees, a narrow concrete walk, trees and shrubs planted too close to structures ( Figure 19–1), every plant a different species, or too many of the same plant. The planning process, possibly the most important aspect of residential landscaping, is often neglected. With a little forethought and planning, the designer can maximize the property’s use and people’s enjoyment of it establish a visual relationship between the house, its site, and the neighborhood and contribute to a healthy local ecosystem. It offers pleasure to the family, enhances the neighborhood, and adds to the property’s value. A well-designed home landscape is aesthetically pleasing and functional, creating comfortable outdoor spaces as well as reducing the energy costs of heating and cooling the home. It is the conscious arrangement of outdoor space to maximize human enjoyment while minimizing the costs and negative environmental impacts. If you’d like, get a set of graphite pencils with different hardnesses so you can experiment.Landscape design is both an art and a purposeful process.For instance, you might try filling a page with two-dimensional shapes such as circles, squares, or triangles. After you get comfortable with lines and curves, try drawing shapes.Try wavy lines, zig-zag lines, and tangled, scribbly lines. Practice drawing lines of different lengths, thicknesses, and textures.This will help you build up your coordination on the page. ![]() Try making a series of big loops on the paper, then draw tiny swirls below that.Once you feel comfortable drawing a straight line, practice rotating your wrist as you draw to create a curve. Normally, it is easier to draw a straight line when you use your whole arm, not just the wrist. It’s harder than it looks! Practice holding your hand at different angles to see what feels best. If you're just learning to draw, start by dragging the pencil over the page in a straight line. ![]()
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